EFFECTS OF FIG SEED OIL ON THE PROLIFERATION AND INVASION OF COLORECTAL CANCER CELL LINES

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of naturally derived bioactive compounds. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects of fig (Ficus carica) seed oil on the proliferation and invasion of HT-29 and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell lines. Material and Method: The chemical composition of fig seed oil was characterized by GC-FID and HPLC analyses. Cytotoxic effects were assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Invasion capacity was determined through a Matrigel-transwell invasion assay. Result and Discussion: According to the analysis results, fig seed oil was found to be rich in α-linolenic acid (39.97%), linoleic acid (33.24%), oleic acid (16.71%), and γ-tocopherol (4800 mg/kg). The oil exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and DLD-1 cells, while demonstrating lower toxicity on healthy PNT1A cells. Furthermore, a significant inhibition of invasion was observed in both cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that fig seed oil may serve as a natural agent with anticancer potential for use in CRC management.