Importance of Biomarkers and Cytokines in the Prognosis of Canine Parvovirus Infection

Canine parvovirus (CPV) poses a significant threat to dogs globally, leading to both illness and death. Examining biomarkers may enhance early detection of the disease, gauge hospital stay duration, increase disease severity, and estimate patient prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of diagnostic (hematological and biochemical) and prognostic biomarkers (Citrulline, serum amyloid A (SAA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN)) in CPV infection. Blood samples were collected from CPV-positive dogs (Experimental Group, n=20) and healthy dogs (Control Group, n=20) included in the study. Consequently of laboratory analyses, it was observed that citrulline, TNF-α, and SOD levels were significantly increased in CPV-positive animals compared to healthy animals, while IL-6 and SAA levels decreased. Also, leukocyte (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), thrombocyte (THR), pH, chloride (Cl), lactate (Lac), glucose, sO2, and HCO3 levels were lower in CPV-positive dogs compared to the healthy ones (P<0.05). As a result, it was interpreted that the inflammatory and oxidative response changes can be measured with the investigated parameters and thus the animals can be in the recovery period despite the clinical symptoms. It was concluded that the measured biomarkers can provide important information in terms of the prognosis of CPV infection when measuring in different periods of the disease or in experimental infection model studies.