The Effects of Boron on Sperm Qualities and Testicular Histopathology in Animal Studies: A Systematic Review

This study systematically reviewed how boron exposure affects animal model sperm parameters and testicular structure. The Embase, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2023. The studies that examined boron’s efficacy and safety regarding semen parameters and testicular histopathology in different animal species were included. Studies involving specific derivatives or in vitro or human studies were excluded. Two reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data independently. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments Essential 10 checklist. The outcomes were summarized and presented in tables. Sixteen studies were included from 1,602 retrieved articles. While some studies demonstrated that boron, at doses of 17.5, 35, and 70 mg/kg for 8 weeks, improved the quality of spermatogenesis in terms of rate of sperm movement, sperm concentration, and total volume of sperm, other studies showed dose-dependent boron toxicity to the reproductive system. While some studies suggest potential benefits of boron supplementation on spermatogenesis, others indicate harmful effects. The conflicting results emphasize the need for further research to establish clear guidelines on the appropriate dosage, duration, and safety of boron in improving sperm quality.