Serological survey of brucellosis in camelsfrom the Aegean region of Turkey

Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus are known to cause brucellosis in camels. It is especially seen in camels raised together with ruminants in regions where brucellosis is endemic. However, since this disease causes only a few clinical signs, unlike cattle, it is challenging to diagnose camel brucellosis. While camels bred in Asia and Africa are used for milk, meat, and transportation purposes, camel breeding in Turkey consists of small male camel populations raised under special conditions for cultural purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels in the Aegean region of Turkey using three serological tests - Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and complement fixation test (CFT) - and to compare their diagnostic performance. A total of 76 camel sera (72 Camelus dromedarius and four Camelus bactrianus) were collected from three cities (İzmir, Aydın, and Denizli) via random sampling. All sera were tested simultaneously using RBPT, SAT, and CFT. A positive control serum from a camel vaccinated with conjunctival B. abortus S19 and a negative control serum from a brucellosis-free newborn camel calf. It was determined that all 76 camel sera screened, except the positive control serum, gave negative results in RBP, SA, and CF tests. This comprehensive serological survey represents the first documented evidence of a brucellosis-free status in the camel population in Turkey. The findings suggest that the isolated and special conditions in which the camels are raised, the lack of contact with ruminants, and the predominantly male camel population contribute to the low risk of brucellosis in this region. These results highlight the importance of region-specific management practices in controlling camel brucellosis.