Pyrolysis of goat manure to produce bio-oil

In this paper, biomass in goat manure form is pyrolyzed by a fixed-bed reactor. The influence of the temperature within the range of 300–600 °C is to be detected in solid, liquid and gas products. Different product yields emerge according to the pyrolysis temperature. At 500 °C, the product yield reaches the maximum valuation, the bio-oil obtained at this temperature is analyzed via gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and elemental analysis. The highest efficiency of the bio-oil reached at 26.1% by weight at 500 °C. As a result of the TGA analysis, it was observed that the maximum separation rate was between 250 and 500 °C and the conversion was complete at about 600 °C. Elemental analysis proved that the amount of oxygen in the bio-oil was 23.15% and carbon was 51.75%, while the amount of oxygen in the raw material was 39.85% and carbon was 42.08%. In addition, the pH value of the bio-oil was 4.12. Bio-oil combination product involves organic compounds for instance, benzenes, alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, ketones, phenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These results depict goat manure can be used as a precious raw material in bio-oil production.