Improvement of functional cake formulation with fermented soy (Glycine max) and lupin (Lupinus albus L) powders

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented soy powder (FSP) and fermented lupin powder (FLP) at 0–30% ratio on chemical, physical and sensory properties of cake samples. The 30% usage ratio of legume powders increased the protein, ash, fat, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn content of cake samples up to 15.8%, 2.0%, 22.4%, 113.19 mg/100g, 0.27 mg/100g, 3.34 mg/100g, 48.64 mg/100g, 0.68 mg/100g, 441.82 mg/100g and 1.60 mg/100g (for FSP) and 13.2%, 1.7%, 19.9%, 99.04 mg/100g, 0.25 mg/100g, 2.65 mg/100g, 22.41 mg/100g, 10.56 mg/100g, 376.17 mg/100g and 1.29 mg/100g (for FLP), respectively. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity content of the cake samples containing FSP ranged between 2.61 mgGAE/g and 3.60 mgGAE/g and between 34.34% and 41.35%, respectively. Cake samples with FSP at all utilization levels contained higher antioxidant activity than cake with FLP. Increasing ratios of FSP presented lower L* and b* crust color compared to control. FLP had a less negative effect on the volume and firmness values of cake than FSP. Sensory analysis results revealed that the use of FSP and FLP over 20% ratio decreased overall acceptability scores of the cakes.