Climate change and brain health, a risk management approach focusing on the European region: A narrative review

Among the myriad consequences of climate change, global warming and extreme weather events are particularly critical due to their well-documented impact on neurological and psychological well-being. However, the severity of these impacts varies significantly by geography. This article assesses the potential adverse effects of climate change on “brain health” through a risk management framework. The analysis begins by evaluating existing governance and risk-assessment procedures, followed by an examination of human adaptive capacities and natural risks. The latter draws upon climatological data—specifically regarding global warming and the “tropicalization” of the Euro-Mediterranean region—as well as anthropological insights. Building on this foundation, we propose strategies for effective risk control, including adaptation, mitigation, and preparedness. Success depends on the mobilization of public health researchers and professionals to drive organizational change and implement preventative measures to address extreme events. Consequently, the article advocates for specific decisions regarding communication, education, and early-warning systems to enhance rescue efficiency and prevent disasters. The discussion concludes with a focus on mitigation strategies specifically tailored to the Euro-Mediterranean region to address the challenges of climate tropicalization.