Optimal integration of electric vehicle charging stations into a renewable-supported multi-energy system

This study examines optimal allocation approaches for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) with and without distributed generation (DGs) systems in renewable-supported multi-energy systems (RSMES). A hybrid approach combining Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Dynamic Fitness-Distance Balance (dFDB) (dFDBGWO) algorithms addresses two objectives: minimizing active power losses and voltage deviations. Validated through IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems, the proposed dFDBGWO algorithm significantly outperforms conventional methods, achieving up to a 66.02% reduction in active power losses and substantial improvements in voltage profiles. The results demonstrate that the coordinated placement of EVCSs and DGs significantly enhances grid stability, reduces voltage deviations to near-nominal values, and improves overall system efficiency. This integration strategy effectively supports the growing electric vehicles (EVs) infrastructure while contributing to a more sustainable energy landscape.