Visual brain responses to architectural images; expertise-based differences in pattern-reversal VEPs

This study explores how architectural expertise shapes neural engagement with the built environment by examining differences in pattern-reversal Visual Evoked Potentials (pVEPs) between architects and laypersons. Employing high-temporal-resolution electrophysiology, the study captures real-time brain responses to 120 architectural stimuli representing a range of styles. Forty-eight subjects (24 architects, 24 laypersons) evaluated the stimuli while their EEG data were recorded. Quantitative analyses of temporal and spectral signal features revealed significant group-level distinctions, with gamma-band activity emerging as a key discriminator. Machine learning classifiers confirmed these differences, achieving 86.4%% accuracy. The findings indicate that prolonged exposure to architectural training is related to differences in cognitive and affective processing of spatial aesthetics. By applying the well-established paradigm in a novel way to empirical neuro-architectural research, the study advances evidence-based design methodology and offers insight into the neural underpinnings of aesthetic sensitivity in professional practice. Practical implications for future user-centred architectural strategies are highlighted.