Study of the chemical and in vitro cytotoxic activities of essential oils (EOs) of two plants from the Ivorian flora (Lippia multiflora and Zingiber officinale) and their antiviral activities against non-enveloped viruses

To investigate chemical compositions and antiviral activities of essential oils (EOs) from two Ivorian aromatic plants (Lippia multiflora and Zingiber officinale) against two non-enveloped viruses (PV-1 and enterovirus type 1), human enteroviruses, chemical composition of LMEO and ZOEO was obtained by GC-MS. Biological activities such as inhibitory action on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase and antioxidative potential of both EOs were evaluated. Respective cytotoxicity of LMEO and ZOEO towards RD (rhabdomyosarcoma) and L20B (a genetically engineered mouse cell line) were also determined by observation of the cell line carpet. In addition, Antiviral activity of LMEO and ZOEO against poliovirus type I and enterovirus type I was assessed using a cell culture cytopathic inhibition test. From the structure elucidation experiment, a total number of 23 and 30 compounds were respectively identified for LMEO and ZOEO. Among both plant species, ZOEO significantly inhibited type I enterovirus activity by 50% at 9.860 µg/mL as compared to LMEO (44.47 µg/mL), respectively after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Furthermore, inhibition was statistically the same for studied essential oils (ZOEO: 9 µg/mL and LMEO: 9.077 µg/mL). As a result of our findings, we concluded that the tested essential oils could be used as a source of natural antiviral agents in phytotherapeutic applications.