Assessment and comparison of phytochemical constituents and biological activities of endemic Odonterrhena floribunda (Brassicaceae) from Türkiye

This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the different parts of the endemic Odontarrhena floribunda. The antioxidant activities of O. floribunda were determined with 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the copper-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The strongest antioxidant activity was recorded in methanolic root extract (IC50:1.68±0.25 μg/mL) for DPPH and ethanolic root (λ450:0.68±0.20) extract for CUPRAC. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were displayed by the Resazurin Microplate Method (REMA). All plant extracts analyzed demonstrated stronger effects on Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 02026) than those of the standard compound. The in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory of the plant extract were assessed using the Iodine method. Except for the methanol leaf extract, all other extracts showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (0.88–2.13 mmolTE/g). These results show that this endemic O. floribunda is a potential natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and enzyme inhibitor source.