An endemic plant in turkey: antioxidant and enzyme ınhibition potential of different extracts of Asyneuma linifolium subsp. eximium

Plants have long been employed in traditional medicine as accessible and safer alternatives to synthetic drugs. Despite advances in pharmacology, herbal remedies remain important sources of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the biological properties of Asyneuma linifolium subsp. eximium, a species with limited prior research. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were determined through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, PBD, and MCA assays. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ABTS activity (102.43 ± 0.97 mg TEs/g), while the ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest CUPRAC activity (45.59 ± 0.20 mg TEs/g). HPLC analysis identified epicatechin (14.66 ppm) as the predominant phenolic compound. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed notable activities against α-amylase (365.24 and 220.97 ACEs/g for ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively) and α-glucosidase (444 ± 2.1 and 542 ± 2.1 ACEs/g, respectively), indicating potential relevance to type 2 diabetes management. Overall, these findings highlight A. linifolium subsp. eximium as a promising source of natural antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory agents with pharmacological potential.