Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Capacity, Enzyme Inhibitory Potential, and Molecular Docking Insights of Brassica elongata Ehrh.

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and bioactive potential, including antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, of methanol extracts from different tissues of Brassica elongata. The most dominant phenolic compound, determined in all tissues by LC-MS/MS, was hyperoside, with the highest value of 897.7 µg/g in leaf tissue. The leaf extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as total antioxidant, copper-reducing, and metal-chelating capacities among the tested tissues. In contrast, the flower extract showed the greatest ferric-reducing antioxidant potential and relatively strong radical-scavenging activity. Among the tested extracts, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was observed only in the flower and fruit extracts, while all tissues showed comparable butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities. The flower extract exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibitory potential, whereas the fruit extract showed the strongest α-amylase and relatively lower α-glucosidase inhibition, indicating distinct enzyme-specific activities among tissues. Docking results highlight the superior multi-target inhibitory potential of ellagic acid and hyperoside, suggesting their relevance in oxidative stress–related disorders. As demonstrated by this study, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of B. elongata extracts underscore the plant's pharmacological relevance and its potential for developing functional ingredients.