Effect of the use of waste tyre pyrolysis oil and TiO2-assisted ethylene glycol additive on performance, emissions, energy, exergy, environmental and economic indicators in a gasoline engine

The recycling of waste tires to obtain pyrolysis oil and its use as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines (ICEs) can prevent environmental pollution and alleviate environmental concerns. Additionally, the use of oxygen-supported nanoadditive materials in fuel can support engine performance improvement and emission reduction. This study aims to evaluate waste tire pyrolysis oil as an alternative fuel in air-cooled spark-ignition (SI) engines and to improve its use. Therefore, the effects of waste tyre pyrolysis oil and TiO2-assisted ethylene glycol additive on performance, emissions, energy, exergy, sustainability, environmental and enviroeconomic indicators in a gasoline engine were investigated. The experiments were carried out under different load and constant speed conditions on a gasoline engine. Gasoline (G100) is used as the base fuel in the experiments, while pyrolysis oil is blended at volumetric ratios of 10 % (P10) and 20 % (P20). Additionally, TiO2-assisted ethylene glycol was used at concentrations of 0.5 % (5 ml) and 1 % (10 ml), respectively, in gasoline–waste tire pyrolysis oil blends to improve engine performance and reduce emissions. The results indicate that the addition of 1 % TiO2-assisted ethylene glycol to P10Ti10 enhances the reduction in BSFC to approximately 9 % on average. In addition, the P10Ti10 fuel reduces exhaust exergy and exergy destruction by around 17.7 % and 9.4 %, respectively, while increasing exergy efficiency by approximately 9.9 %. The P10Ti10 blend shows the highest reduction in emissions, decreasing CO and HC emissions by an average of 45 % and 18.7 %, respectively, compared to gasoline.