The effects of bisphenol A injected into egg yolk on skeletal muscle development in chicken

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine of the effects of in ovo administered BPA on embryonic development skeletal muscle using histological methods in chickens. Materials and Methods: 310 fertile eggs of Isa Brown laying parent stock were divided into 5 groups as control, vehicle control, 50, 100, and 250 μg/egg BPA. At the 13th, 18th and 21st days of incubation, eggs were randomly opened from each group until 10 live embryos were obtained. Skeletal muscle tissue samples (musculus fibularis longus, musculus sternocoracoideus pectoralis) taken from embryos were fixed in 10% formol solution and processed with routine histological techniques and immersed in paraffin. Sections were stained with Crossmon's triple staining method. Also, PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) reactivity was determined by immunohistochemical method. Results: Embryonic development of skeletal muscle was retarded in BPA treated groups. The mean count of PCNA positive cells significantly increased in BPA treated groups when compared to control and vehicle control groups on 21 day of incubation (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results have suggested that developmental exposure to BPA adversely affected development of skeletal muscle.