Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of surgical correction of nasal obstruction on aerobic performance parameters in athletes with nasal obstruction. Specifically, we examined changes in running economy (RE), oxygen uptake (VO₂), and ventilatory responses following nasal surgery. Although previous studies have explored the effects of nasal airflow on exercise, this is the first to directly assess the impact of surgical intervention on physiological determinants of athletic performance. Methods: Eleven male athletes diagnosed with nasal obstruction (experimental group, EG) and 11 matched athletes without nasal issues (control group, CG) participated. Nasal patency was evaluated using acoustic rhinometry, while subjective symptoms were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All participants performed an incremental treadmill test to assess running economy, gas exchange, and ventilatory parameters both before and 2–3 months after surgery. Results: Post-surgery, the EG showed significant improvements in nasal patency and sleep quality, with NOSE scores decreasing from 61.36 ± 15.83 to 8.64 ± 10.27 and ESS scores from 5.09 ± 2.12 to 3.09 ± 1.76. Additionally, oxygen consumption decreased, and ventilation volume increased during the submaximal treadmill stages in the EG. A statistically significant Group × Time interaction was found for RE (p =.005), indicating greater improvements in oxygen cost in the surgical group. Conclusion: Surgical correction of nasal obstruction significantly improves running economy and ventilatory efficiency by reducing upper airway resistance and respiratory muscle workload. These adaptations may enhance aerobic performance in athletes with nasal obstruction.