The discovery of noncoding small ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in recent years and identification of their functions have indicated that RNAs play a very important role for living organisms. Deregulation of miRNAs has been implicated in many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and immunodeficiency, as well as, with the new data emerging, cardiovascular diseases. miRNAs have become targets and tools of novel therapeutic approaches. By identifying all functional miRNAs that are encoded in the human genome, new therapeutic approaches may be developed and clinical trials using miRNA-based molecules may be achieved. In this paper, we review the literature regarding the miRNAs that have been associated with cardiovascular disease and new diagnostic/therapeutic approaches.