This study aimed to evaluate the physicomechanical and chemical characteristics of two goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) cultivars—‘Damaye and NQ1’—grown under Turkish conditions. We analyzed a comprehensive set of parameters, including fruit dimensions, geometric properties, moisture content, total sugar, crude protein, crude cellulose, ash content, pH, total antioxidant capacity (via DPPH assay and IC5₀ values), and mineral composition (via ICP-MS). Results revealed notable differences between the two cultivars in terms of size, weight, sugar content, and antioxidant activity. ‘Damaye’ exhibited higher total sugar and crude cellulose contents, along with stronger antioxidant capacity (lower IC5₀ value), whereas ‘NQ1’ was characterized by higher fruit firmness, ash, and protein content. Both cultivars presented valuable nutritional and functional profiles, suggesting their potential for health-promoting applications and suitability for cultivation in diverse environments. This study contributes to the limited data on goji berry cultivation outside its native range and supports its inclusion in alternative fruit production systems.