DNA-based Schottky diodes provide an innovative method utilizing the distinct electronic properties of DNA molecules, enabling the development of devices that can distinguish between various biological samples. The suitability and efficiency of these devices for use in diagnosis were examined. In this study, DNA-based electronic devices were fabricated using indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and they were used to analyze DNA extracted from cancer cells lines. A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), K562 (human erythroleukemic), HCT116 (human colon cancer), WI38 (human diploid fibroblast), and H2030 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines were investigated in terms of their electronic and optical behaviors. K562 and HCT116 cell lines were used to investigate the selectivity measurements. Electrical properties, including ideality factors and barrier heights, were analyzed using thermionic emission (TE) approximation to explore their potential in cell line identification. Optical properties were investigated via UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The semiconductor behavior of DNA samples is very important in terms of determining their properties. DNA samples from A549, H2030, HCT116, K562, and WI38 cell lines exhibited band gaps of 4.29, 4.21, 4.06, 4.25, and 4.18 eV, respectively. By analyzing the electronic properties, DNA-based Schottky diodes can distinguish between different samples, enabling selective identification based on their electrical characteristics.