MicroRNA is associated with angiogenesis, invasion, proliferation, and vascular endothelial remodeling of various diseases. We aimed to investigate serum MicroRNA (miRNA) levels in preeclampsia (PE) and to determine whether any changes in miRNA levels are useful in predicting early onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and adverse perinatal outcomes. A total of 89 pregnant patients were enrolled in this prospective case–control study (55 PE and 34 healthy controls). miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR126, miR155, miR-200, miR-222, and miR-210 levels were studied in maternal serum in preeclamptic pregnant women. Multiple logistic regression analyses analyzed the risk factors which are associated with EOPE and adverse maternal outcomes. The Real-time RT-PCR method was used to determine maternal serum miRNA levels. Serum miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR126, and miR-210 levels were significantly higher in PE than the control group (p <.001, p <.001, p <.001, p <.001 and p =.047 respectively). Increased miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-20b levels were independently associated with PE (OR: 0.642, 95%Cl: 0.486–0.846, p =.002; OR: 0.899, 95%Cl: 0.811–0.996, p =.042 and OR: 0.817, 95%Cl: 0.689–0.970, p =.021). Increased miR-17 and miR-126 levels were negatively correlated with serum EOPE in PE (r = -.313, p =.020), and increased miR-210 levels were significantly positively correlated with EOPE in PE (r =.285, p =.005). Increased expression of serum miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR126, and miR-210 were found to be associated with PE, also increased expression of miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-20b were to be predicted with PE, also increased maternal serum miR-17 and miR-126 expressions were negatively correlated and increased miR-210 expression was positively correlated with EOPE in PE women.