Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the layered curriculum method (LCM) and project-based learning method (PBLM), on dental students in the evaluation of cysts and tumors affecting the jaws and surrounding tissues, which have an important place in dental practice. Methods: Forty-nine 3rd-year dental students who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily were randomly divided into two groups: LCM and PBLM. Pre-test was administered to all students. Students in the PBLM group were divided into five groups and each group was asked to complete a project within a 5-week period and present it to their groupmates at the end of the period. Students in the LCM group were asked to choose the activities most suitable for their learning styles at each layer and to progress by being evaluated by educators in brief interviews throughout the learning process. At the end of the 5-week training period, a post-test and a post-participation questionnaire were administered to students in both groups to obtain feedback. The pre-test and post-test results of the groups and their answers to the post-participation questionnaire were analyzed statistically. Results: Post-test results were statistically higher than pre-test results in both LCM and PBLM groups (p < 0.001). When the LCM and PBLM groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of pre-test and post-test results (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both PBLM and LCM positively contributed to pre-graduate dental education by enhancing students' academic achievements. Students in both groups stated that their research skills, study habits, and learning motivation increased. Since both models adopt the theory of multiple intelligences, similar methods are recommended for inclusion in dental education.