Nanophthalmos is a subtype of microphthalmia developed as a result of halt of growth in the globe and early closure of the embryonic fissure. Our purpose is to evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and macular images in nanophthalmos cases and to distinguish from posterior microphthalmia. We evaluated 6 eyes of 3 patients diagnosed as nanophthalmos with an ocular axial length less than 20 mm. Axial length, anterior segment depth, corneal thickness, mean macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured using biometry, sonography and spectral domain OCT. The mean axial length was 15.19 mm in 6 eyes, ranging from 15 mm to 15.45 mm. The mean the macular thickness of the was 550 μm in 3 eyes, which was higher than normal ranged reported in the literature. In our cases, the mean RNFL thickness was 145.5 μm, which was also higher than normal ranged reported in the literature. The mean anterior chamber depth was measured as 2.52 mm, indicating anterior chamber narrowing when compared to those reported in the literature. anterior chamber narrowing was detected in cases compared to normal values in the literature. Fundus examination revealed a small optical disc small with ill-defined margins o (crowded disc) and a low cup: disc ratio. No papillomacular fold was observed but intraretinal cysts and loss of foveal pitting were observed on OCT imaging. Although it was reported that that papillomacular folds may occur in nanophthalmos eyes on OCT imaging, we did not observe in our cases.