Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the prototype of autoinflammatory syndromes. Several factors may trigger the disease including physical and emotional stress, fat-rich diet, and menstruel cycle. Infections and some drugs such as cisplatin may result in a change in cytokine levels and may precipitate attacks. Most cases of FMF presents with typical self-limited attacks including fever and abdominal pain. However, a minority of patients, called as phenotype II, presents with amyloidosis AA-type and/or end-stage renal disease in the absence of clinically recognizable attacks. Immunosupression may precipitate a typical FMF attack, possibly through a change in cytokine balance. Initiation of colchicine treatment in these patients is of utmost importance to prevent amyloidosis involvement of the newly transplanted graft. In this article, we present a rare case of FMF who transformed from phenotype II to phenotype I after renal transplantation, most probably due to the effect of immunosuppressants. © 2012 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved.