Background: To determine the relationship between renal cell carcinoma subtypes and the associated mortality and biochemical parameters. An additional aim was to analyze multiphasic multidetector computed tomography findings. Methods: This study is a hospital-based retrospective investigation, using 211 patients with a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma upon computed tomography examination. The histological subtypes included clear cell in 119 patients, chromophobe cell in 30 patients, papillary cell in 25 patients, mixed cell in 32 patients, and sarcomatoid cell in 4 patients. Results: The mean age of the patients participating in this study was 61.18 ± 11.81 years, and the mortality rate was 10.4% (n = 22) through the 2-year follow-up. The ratios of both the neutrophil-To-lymphocyte upon admission to the hospital and platelet-To-lymphocyte of the non-surviving group were significantly higher than those of the surviving group (p < 0.05). When the analysis of the 2-year survival of the patients was examined according to the median platelet-To-lymphocyte ratio values, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were significantly different between the surviving and non-surviving groups (p = 0.01). In two-way analysis of variance test, statistically significant results which were influenced by mortality (p = 0.028) and were found between renal cell carcinoma subtypes in the computed tomography density of corticomedullary phase (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The neutrophil-To-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-To-lymphocyte ratio may represent widely available biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma, and the logistic regression model indicated that neutrophil-To-lymphocyte ratio was a significant predictor for mortality. According to the median platelet-To-lymphocyte ratio values, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were significantly different between the surviving and non-surviving groups.