Background/aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether liquid glutamine given to rabbits after resection is as effective as intravenous (iv) glutamine and to study the positive effects of glutamine on mucosal atrophy that occurs after bowel resection. Methods: Thirty rabbits with an average weight of 2500 g were used. On the third day, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups as follows: Group I (controls): bowel resection + oral total parenteral nutrition, Group II (oral liquid L-glutamine): Bowel resection + oral total paranteral nutrition + oral liquid L-glutamine, and Group III (iv L-glutamine): bowel resection + oral total paranteral nutrition + iv L-glutamine. On the postoperative 7th day, all subjects were sacrificed to examine intestinal adaptation indicators. Results: There was an increase in average villus height and crypt depth in Group III compared to the other groups (p=0.0001). In Group II, the villus height and crypt depth increased more than in Group I, but the difference was less significant (p=0.038). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of average goblet cell proliferation. Conclusions: In our experimental study, it was observed that the orally given L-glutamine liquid in the rabbit intestinal adaptation model prevented mucosal atrophy after 50% bowel resection and even increased mucosa mass. However, iv glutamine led to similar and even better results. Neither route of glutamine administration was determined to have an effect on goblet cell proliferation.