Abstract In this study, we have calculated the unperturbed wavefunctions and energy eigenvalues of the ground and excited states of a spherical quantum dot, GaAs/Al<inf>x</inf>Ga<inf>1</inf><inf>-</inf><inf>x</inf>As, by using quantum genetic algorithm and Hartree-Fock Roothaan method. Hyperfine coupling constant and hyperfine energy of 1s, 2p, 3d and 4f levels are carried out as a function of dot radius. The results show that the hyperfine constant and hyperfine energy varies rapidly in the strong and medium confining regions as dot radius decreases. It is worth pointing out that dot radius, impurity charge and angular momentum have a strong influence on the hyperfine energy. It is also found that hyperfine energy and hyperfine splitting vary with aluminium concentration ratio x.