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Novel 3,3′-diindolylmethane derivatives as multi-pathway modulators: targeting estrogen-dependent and independent breast cancer carcinogenesis
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2026 Cilt 34 Sayı 2
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Purpose: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with prolonged exposure to endogenous estrogens recognized as a major risk factor. This study aimed to design, synthesize, and pharmacologically evaluate novel 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) derivatives as multi-target modulators of estrogen-related pathways in breast cancer. Methods: A series of DIM derivatives was synthesized and structurally characterized. Their biological activities were assessed through aromatase (CYP19A1) and CYP1B1 inhibition assays, E-screen assay for estrogen receptor activity, cytotoxicity assays in breast cancer (MCF-7 BUS, MDA-MB-231) and normal breast epithelial (MCF-10 A) cells, and scratch assay for cell migration. Molecular docking and in silico ADME analyses were conducted to support experimental findings. Results: The derivatives demonstrated significant antiestrogenic activity by targeting multiple components of estrogen signaling. One compound exhibited potent aromatase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.79 µM), while two derivatives showed strong CYP1B1 inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.37 µM and 0.71 µM). Selective cytotoxicity was observed in estrogen receptor-positive cells, with reduced effects on normal cells. Additionally, selected compounds significantly inhibited cell migration. Molecular modeling revealed favorable binding interactions within target enzymes, and ADME analysis indicated acceptable drug-like properties. Conclusion: These findings suggest that DIM derivatives act as selective, multi-target modulators of estrogen-related pathways and may serve as promising adjuvant candidates for hormone-dependent breast cancer therapy.
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Kaynak: DARU-JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
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Makale Bilgileri

Dergi DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
ISSN 2008-2231
Yıl 2026 / 7. ay
Cilt / Sayı 34 / 2
Makale Türü Özgün Makale
Hakemlik Hakemli
Endeks SCI-Expanded
Yayın Dili İngilizce
Kapsam Uluslararası
Toplam Yazar 7 kişi
Erişim Türü Basılı+Elektronik
Alan Sağlık Bilimleri Temel Alanı Farmasotik Kimya

YÖKSİS Yazar Kaydı

Yazar Adı INCE-ERGUC Elif,Entezari Bita,ŞİRİNZADE HANİF,SÜZEN SİBEL,AKDEMİR ATİLLA,ERDOĞAN OĞUZ,GÜRER ORHAN HANDE
YÖKSİS ID 9713149