Aims: The aim of this study was to create a Turkish version of the Ascertaining Barriers to Compliance (ABC) taxonomy for medication adherence. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, followed by a national Delphi study using suggested methods of the International Society for Medication Adherence for translation of the ABC taxonomy for medication adherence. Three scientific databases (PubMed, TRDizin and ProQuest) were used in the systematic literature search to detect the terms and definitions and to identify a panel of Turkish-speaking experts in medication adherence. Three consecutive Delphi rounds were performed through online surveys. The consensus levels were categorized into moderate consensus (50–75%), consensus (>75–95%) and strong consensus (>95%). Results: Among 698 Turkish articles, adherence-related terms and definitions were derived from 20 studies, and a Delphi survey was created accordingly. The Delphi survey was sent to a total of 187 panellists. The response rates were 20.9, 71.8 and 92.9% in the rounds, subsequently. Most of the panellists were pharmacists (56.4%) and held a PhD degree (76.9%). In the 3 consecutive Delphi rounds, all ABC taxonomy terms reached at least moderate consensus, while most of the definitions reached at least moderate consensus except the definition of initiation. Conclusion: This study provided the Turkish ABC taxonomy for medication adherence and a minimum moderate level of consensus was reached for all the terms and most of the definitions. The Turkish ABC taxonomy should be used in education, research and clinical practice to promote and enable medication adherence in patients.