The genus Aethionema in Türkiye was investigated through a comprehensive taxonomic study including morphological, seed micromorphological, and molecular methods. This study led to the synonymization of 11 taxa: A. annuum, A. dincii subsp. baytopiae, A. alidaghenicum, A. bingoelicum, A. dumelicum, A. ertughrulii, A. fruticulosum, A. gypsicola, A. huber-morathii, A. marashicum, and A. turanicum. Conversely, seven species were resurrected: A. levandowskyi, A. sintenisii, A. acarii, A. pallidiflorum, A. pseudoarmenum, A. pulchellum, and A. recurvum. Four new combinations and status changes (comb. et stat. nov.) were proposed. Reevaluation of synonymous species resulted in the reclassification of A. cardiophyllum and A. lacerum as subspecies: A. cordatum subsp. cardiophyllum and A. stylosum subsp. lacerum, respectively. Similarly, A. dincii and A. latifolium were reassigned as subspecies: A. schistosum subsp. dincii and A. stylosum subsp. latifolium. Descriptions, diagnostic characters, fruit and seed figures, and taxonomic notes are provided for all the resurrected taxa. Following these updates, the total number of Aethionema species in Türkiye is now 47.