Background: This study examines how digital health technologies influence individuals’ perceptions of data management and their attitudes toward the use of these technologies in healthcare. It particularly focuses on the societal determinants shaping engagement with digital health in Turkey. Methods: A total of 503 participants aged 18–64 from different regions of Turkey were included. Data were collected using the Data Management in Digital Health Environments Scale developed by Demirci and Yardan (2023), which comprises five subdimensions—benefit and satisfaction, security, sharing, privacy, and usability. A quantitative research design was adopted. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression and one-way ANOVA, were performed. Education, income, and employment status were treated as independent variables, while attitudes toward digital health technologies and perceptions of data management served as dependent variables. Results: Multiple regression analysis indicated that the perceived potential of digital health technologies to improve healthcare quality was not a significant predictor of individuals’ attitudes toward these technologies (p > 0.05). ANOVA results showed that higher-income participants were significantly more likely to use digital health technologies (p < 0.01). Employment status also had a significant effect on data management perceptions (p < 0.05): employed individuals reported more frequent technology use, whereas students demonstrated stronger data management awareness. Younger participants expressed more positive attitudes than older adults (p < 0.01). The duration of internet use also emerged as a key factor influencing adaptation to digital health tools. Conclusions: The findings suggest that sociodemographic factors substantially shape individuals’ engagement with digital health services. These results highlight the importance of developing inclusive policies that enhance digital health literacy and equitable access, ensuring that digital transformation benefits all segments of society.