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The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety—chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations
Scopus
Open Access Toplam 629 atıf DOI
Currently, there is a growing interest in screening and quantifying antioxidants from biological samples in the quest for natural and effective antioxidants to combat free radical-related pathological complications. Antioxidant assays play a crucial role in high-throughput and cost-effective assessment of antioxidant capacities of natural products such as medicinal plants and food samples. However, several investigators have expressed concerns about the reliability of existing in vitro assays. Such concerns arise mainly from the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. In addition, in vitro assays have the problem of reproducibility. To date, antioxidant capacities are measured using a panel of assays whereby each assay has its own advantages and limitations. This unparalleled review hotly disputes on in vitro antioxidant assays and elaborates on the chemistry behind each assay with the aim to point out respective principles/concepts. The following critical questions are also addressed: (1) What make antioxidant assays coloured? (2) What is the reason for working at a particular wavelength? (3) What are the advantages and limitations of each assay? and (4) Why is a particular colour observed in antioxidant–oxidant chemical reactions? Furthermore, this review details the chemical mechanism of reactions that occur in each assay together with a colour ribbon to illustrate changes in colour. The review ends with a critical conclusion on existing assays and suggests constructive improvements on how to develop an adequate and universal antioxidant assay.
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Multi-faceted bioactivity of three unexplored Turkish plants: A comparative phytochemical and pharmacological profiling
Scopus
Havuzumuzda Open Access 4 atıf almış
Since ancient times, plants have been used as a valuable source for treating serious diseases. Three different plants, namely Aubrieta pinardii , Johrenia dichotoma , and Malabaila dasyantha were used and extracted using the extraction solvents ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and water. Antioxidant activity was determined using several in vitro assays. Subsequently, the enzyme inhibition activities of the extracts were evaluated against cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the extracts were assessed. Methanol extracts of A . pinardii , J . dichotoma , and M . dasyantha yielded the highest total flavonoids (TFC) compared to EA and water extracts. The analysis using HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS identified various classes of phytochemicals within the species examined. Aubrieta pinardii extracts were abundant in glucosinolates, whereas J. dichotoma and M. dasyantha extracts were characterized by the presence of coumarins and furanocoumarins. The EA extracts exhibited greater inhibition of microorganism growth compared with MeOH and water extracts. Notably, J. dichotoma showed similar or superior antifungal activity against A. niger (MIC/MFC 0.25/0.50 mg/mL) and M. dasyantha demonstrated comparable efficacy against T. viride (MIC/MFC 0.50/1.00 mg/mL) and P. verrucosum var. cyclopium (MIC/MFC 0.125/0.25 mg/mL) when benchmarked against the reference drug ketoconazole. These results provide valuable information about A . pinardii , J . dichotoma , and M . dasyantha chemical profiles and underline the importance of selecting appropriate solvents for the extraction of metabolites from plant matrix for potential applications in the treatment of various diseases.
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Kurumlar (5)
Renji Hospital
Shanghai, China
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Selçuklu, Turkey
University of Belgrade
Belgrade, Serbia
University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara
Chieti, Italy
University of Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza, Hungary