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The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries
Scopus
Open Access Toplam 181 atıf DOI
A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, and less frequently cerebral venous thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occur as part of a thrombotic state induced by viral attachment to ACE2 receptors in endothelium causing widespread endotheliitis, coagulopathy, arterial and venous thromboses. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is associated to the cytokine storm. A frontal hypoperfusion syndrome has been identified. There are isolated reports of seizures, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. The neurological diseases affecting the PNS and muscle in COVID-19 are less frequent and include Guillain-Barré syndrome; Miller Fisher syndrome; polyneuritis cranialis; and rare instances of viral myopathy with rhabdomyolysis. The main conclusion of this review is the pressing need to define the neurology of COVID-19, its frequency, manifestations, neuropathology and pathogenesis. On behalf of the World Federation of Neurology we invite national and regional neurological associations to create local databases to report cases with neurological manifestations observed during the on-going pandemic. International neuroepidemiological collaboration may help define the natural history of this worldwide problem.
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Covid-19 and Neurological Disorders
Scopus
Havuzumuzda Open Access
COVID-19 disease was accepted as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 11 March 2019. At the earlier period of the pandemic, it was first recognized as a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract and causes severe acute respiratory failure (SARS). Over time, it has been demonstrated that it affects other organ systems, primarily vascular systems, and most importantly, neurological systems together with other systems, and sometimes even only neurological systems. Loss of smell is common even in patients without serious symptoms, and may be the first or only symptom in some patients. Failure to regain the olfactory function as rapidly despite the recovery of viral infection is an important neurological involvement affecting the quality of life. During the pandemic process in the world, fast information flow continues with case reports and analysis of clinical data. In this article, it is aimed to share current information about cranial nerve involvement, cerebrovascular diseases and stroke, encephalitis, epilepsy, Guillain Barré syndrome, and psychiatric disorders in the light of neurological involvement reported in the world with a literature review.
Atıf Yapan Makale Bilgileri
Kurumlar (1)
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Selçuklu, Turkey