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Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies
Scopus
Open Access Toplam 182 atıf DOI
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves are emphasized as a functional tea or as dietary supplements. The phenolic compound profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of leaf extracts from two selected cultivars in comparison with wild-growing plants have been evaluated. HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids with chlorogenic acid and rutin being the dominant compounds in the cultivated plants, whereas rutin and kaempeferol-3-O-rutinoside for wild growing ones. In particular, cv. Erma contained the highest amount of chlorogenic acid and showed a strong tyrosinase-inhibitory effect. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Penicillium funiculosum were the most sensitive strains when exposed to extracts from cultivated plants. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames' test. The tested extracts provided high protection against mutagenicity induced by 2-anthramine (2-AA) to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (max. inhibition (%) 88% and 74.2%, respectively). Overall, Goji leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.
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Volatile components, pharmacological profile, and computational studies of essential oil from Aegle marmelos (Bael) leaves: A functional approach
Scopus
Havuzumuzda 67 atıf almış
The increasing therapeutic use of plant essential oil (EO) in aromatherapy has urged scientists to investigate into its biological potency. We report the phytochemical composition of the EO of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa using GC–MS analysis, together with its pharmacological properties (antibacterial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties). Molecular docking of the major identified compounds against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase was also performed. The EO displayed the highest total antioxidant potential in the phosphomolybdenum assay (24.70 mmol TE/g sample), but showed mild scavenging (DPPH = 0.03 mmol TE/g sample), and reducing effect (CUPRAC = 0.54 mmol TE/g sample, FRAP = 0.21 mmol TE/g sample). Moreover, the EO of A. marmelos showed the greatest inhibitory property against tyrosinase 53.68 (mg KAE/g sample) and good inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase (39.08 mmol ACAE/g sample) compared with α-amylase (0.19 mmol ACAE/g sample). In addition, the EO exhibited moderate AChE inhibition (2.75 mg GALAE/g sample) and BChE inhibition (4.93 mg GALAE/g sample). Disc diffusion assay revealed that S. aureus (Zone of inhibition (ZOI) = 21.4 mm) was most susceptible to the EO followed by C. diphtheriae (ZOI = 17.2 mm) while the lowest MIC value was observed against B. cereus and C. diphtheriae (MIC = 125 μg/ml). The EO of A. marmelos was abundant in limonene (74.9%) followed by β-phellandrene (4.4%), p-cymene (4.2%), and β-caryophyllene (2.0%). Humulene and cryptone exhibited higher docking score after docking to tyrosinase while the best docking scores observed against α-glucosidase was found for humulene and carveol. The EO of A. marmelos showed promising inhibitory activities against vital enzymes related to diabetes, neurological, and skin disorders, and mild antioxidant ability, thus highlighting the quenching abilities of surplus reactive oxygen species related to these disorders. It is predicted that the results obtained will stimulate further research to probe into the therapeutic properties of A. marmelos.
Atıf Yapan Makale Bilgileri
Kurumlar (3)
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Selçuklu, Turkey
University of G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara
Chieti, Italy
University of Mauritius
Reduit, Mauritius